Ovarian Cancer Essays (3988 words) - Gynaecological Cancer, RTT

Ovarian Cancer Of all gynecologic malignancies, ovarian cancer continues to have the highest mortality and is the most difficult to diagnose. In the United States female population, ovarian cancer ranks fifth in absolute mortality among cancer related deaths (13,000/yr). In most reported cases, ovarian cancer, when first diagnosed is in stages III or IV in about 60 to 70% of patients which further complicates treatment of the disease (Barber, 3). Early detection in ovarian cancer is hampered by the lack of appropriate tumor markers and clinically, most patients fail to develop significant symptoms until they reach advanced stage disease. The characteristics of ovarian cancer have been studied in primary tumors and in established ovarian tumor cell lines which provide a reproducible source of tumor material. Among the major clinical problems of ovarian cancer, malignant progression, rapid emergence of drug resistance, and associated cross-resistance remain unresolved. Ovarian cancer has a high frequency of metastasis yet generally remains localized within the peritoneal cavity. Tumor development has been associated with aberrant, dysfunctional expression and/or mutation of various genes. This can include oncogene overexpression, amplification or mutation, aberrant tumor suppressor expression or mutation. Also, subversion of host antitumor immune responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of cancer (Sharp, 77). Ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma was first described by Peham in 1899 as "hypernephroma of the ovary" because of its resemblance to renal cell carcinoma. By 1939, Schiller noted a histologic similarity to mesonephric tubules and classified these tumors as "mesonephromas." In 1944, Saphir and Lackner described two cases of "hypernephroid carcinoma of the ovary" and proposed "clear cell" adenocarcinoma as an alternative term. Clear cell tumors of the ovary are now generally considered to be of mullerian and in the genital tract of mullerian origin. A number of examples of clear cell adenocarcinoma have been reported to arise from the epithelium of an endometriotic cyst (Yoonessi, 289). Occasionally, a renal cell carcinoma metastasizes to the ovary and may be confused with a primary clear cell adenocarcinoma. Ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (OCCA) has been recognized as a distinct histologic entity in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of ovarian tumors since 1973 and is the most lethal ovarian neoplasm with an overall five year survival of only 34% (Kennedy, 342). Clear cell adenocarcinoma, like most ovarian cancers, originates from the ovarian epithelium which is a single layer of cells found on the surface of the ovary. Patients with ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma are typically above the age of 30 with a median of 54 which is similar to that of ovarian epithelial cancer in general. OCCA represents approximately 6% of ovarian cancers and bilateral ovarian involvement occurs in less that 50% of patients even in advanced cases. The association of OCCA and endometriosis is well documented (De La Cuesta, 243). This was confirmed by Kennedy et al who encountered histologic or intraoperative evidence of endometriosis in 45% of their study patients. Transformation from endometriosis to clear cell adenocarcinoma has been previously demonstrated in sporadic cases but was not observed by Kennedy et al. Hypercalcemia occurs in a significant percentage of patients with OCCA. Patients with advanced disease are more typically affected than patients with nonmetastatic disease. Patients with OCCA are also more likely to have Stage I disease than are patients with ovarian epithelial cancer in general (Kennedy, 348). Histologic grade has been useful as an initial prognostic determinant in some studies of epithelial cancers of the ovary. The grading of ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma has been problematic and is complicated by the multiplicity of histologic patterns found in the same tumor. Similar problems have been found in attempted grading of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the endometrium (Disaia, 176). Despite these problems, tumor grading has been attempted but has failed to demonstrate prognostic significance. However, collected data suggest that low mitotic activity and a predominance of clear cells may be favorable histologic features (Piver, 136). Risk factors for OCCA and ovarian cancer in general are much less clear than for other genital tumors with general agreement on two risk factors: nulliparity and family history. There is a higher frequency of carcinoma in unmarried women and in married women with low parity. Gonadal dysgenesis in children is associated with a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer while oral contraceptives are associated with a decreased risk. Genetic and candidate host genes may be altered in susceptible families. Among those currently under investigation is BRCA1 which has been associated with an increased susceptibility to breast cancer. Approximately 30% of ovarian adenocarcinomas express high levels of HER-2/neu oncogene which correlates with a poor prognosis (Altcheck, 375-376).

Leonardo Bruni essays

Leonardo Bruni essays Leonardo Bruni was born circa 1369-70 in Arezzo, Italy, which was the same place Petrach was born years before. Sometimes referred to as Aretino because of the city in which he was born, Leonardo went on to become almost as much a figure in the humanistic movement as Petrarch. Griffiths states that part of the reason that Bruni was so successful is because of his duel focus in scholarship of the mastery of classical literature and the study of the classical languages (9). Griffiths uses a term civic humanism (15) to describe a part of Bruni. This is the side of Bruni that was dedicated to public service. In 1405, he became the Apostolic secretary of Pope Innocent VII, and he held this position through two more Popes (Gregory XII and Alexander V). In 1410 he was elected Chancellor of the Republic of Florence, but found he preferred his secretarial duties. So he resigned and reclaimed his old position under yet another Pope, John XXIII. In 1415 Bruni returned to Florence for good. He was re-elected Chancellor in 1427 and held the position until his death (Harvard). It was during this stay that Leonardo wrote the work he is now most famous for: Historiariaum Florentinarum Populi Libri XII (Twelve books of Histories of the Florentine People). This book is a history of Florence and is written in Latin. Bruni was also the author of biographies of Dante and Petrarch, written in Italian, and Cicero and Aristotle, written in Latin (New Advent). Part of the reason that Bruni is famous today is that he was a great translator. Due to his studies, Leonardo was subjected to a great deal of writings in the classical language. He realized that not all people were so fortunate, and so decided to translate them: Plato, Plutarch, Xenophon, and others. Bruni developed the current style of translation called ad sententiam, according to the sense (Griffiths 10). This is not word-for-word translation, rather...

Intonation and Stress in English

Intonation and Stress in English Correct intonation and stress are the key to speaking English fluently with good pronunciation. Intonation and stress refer  to the music of the English language. Words that are stressed are key to understanding and using the correct intonation brings out the meaning.   Introduction to Intonation and Stress Exercise Say this sentence aloud and count how many seconds it takes. The beautiful mountain appeared transfixed in the distance.   Time required? Probably about five seconds. Now, try speaking this sentence aloud He can come on Sundays as long as he doesnt have to do any homework in the evening.   Time required? Probably about five  seconds. Wait a minute- the first sentence is much shorter than the second sentence! The beautiful Mountain appeared transfixed in the distance.  (14 syllables)He can come on Sundays as long as he doesnt have to do any homework in the evening.  (22 syllables) Even though the second sentence is approximately 30 percent longer than the first, the sentences take the same time to speak. This is because there are five stressed words in each sentence. From this example, you can see that you neednt worry about pronouncing every word clearly to be understood (we native speakers certainly dont). You should, however, concentrate on pronouncing the stressed words clearly. This simple exercise makes a very important point about how we speak and use English. Namely, English is considered a stressed language while many other languages are considered syllabic. What does that mean? It means that, in English, we give stress to certain words while other words are quickly spoken (some students say eaten!). In other languages, such as French or Italian, each syllable receives equal importance (there is stress, but each syllable has its own length). Many speakers of syllabic languages dont understand why we quickly speak, or swallow, a number of words in a sentence. In syllabic languages, each syllable has equal importance, and therefore equal time is needed. English however, spends more time on specific stressed words while quickly gliding over the other, less important, words. Simple Exercise to Help With Understanding The following exercise can be used by students and teachers to further help with pronunciation by focusing on the stressing content words rather than function words in the exercise below. Lets look at a simple example: The modal verb can. When we use the positive form of can we quickly glide over the can and it is hardly pronounced. They can come on Friday. (stressed words in  italics) On the other hand, when we use the negative form cant we tend to stress the fact that it is the negative form by also stressing cant. They cant come on Friday.  (stressed words in  italics) As you can see from the above example the sentence, They cant come on Friday is longer than They can come on Friday because both the modal cant and the verb come are stressed. Understanding Which Words to Stress To begin, you need to understand which words we generally stress and which we do not stress. Stress words are considered content words such as: Nouns (e.g., kitchen, Peter)(Most) main verbs   (e.g., visit, construct)Adjectives  (e.g., beautiful, interesting)Adverbs (e.g., often, carefully)Negatives including negative helping verbs, and words with no such as nothing, nowhere, etc.  Words expressing quantities (e.g., a lot of, a few, many, etc.) Non-stressed words are considered function words  such as: Determiners (e.g., the, a, some, a few)Auxiliary verbs (e.g., dont, am, can, were)Prepositions (e.g.,  before, next to, opposite)Conjunctions (e.g., but, while, as)Pronouns (e.g., they, she, us)Verbs have and be even when used as main verbs Practice Quiz Test your knowledge by identifying which words are content words and should be stressed in the following sentences: Theyve been learning English for two months.My friends have nothing to do this weekend.I would have visited in April if I had known Peter was in town.Natalie will have been studying for four hours by six oclock.The boys and I will spend the weekend next to the lake fishing for trout.Jennifer and Alice had finished the report before it was due last week. Answers: Words in italics are stressed content words while unstressed function words are in lower case. Theyve  been learning English for two months.My friends have nothing to do this weekend.I would have visited  in April  if i had known Peter was in town.Natalie will have been studying  for fours hours  by six oclock.The boys and i will spend the weekend next to the lake fishing for trout.Jennifer and Alice had finished the report before it was due last week. Continue Practicing Speak to your native English speaking friends and listen to how we concentrate on the stressed words rather than giving importance to each syllable. As  you begin to listen and use stressed words, you will discover words you thought you didnt understand are really not crucial for understanding the sense or making yourself understood. Stressed words are the key to excellent pronunciation and understanding of English. After students have learned basic  consonant  and vowel sounds, they should move  on to learning to differentiate between individual sounds by using  minimal pairs. Once they are comfortable with individual words, they should move on to intonation and  stress exercises  such as  sentence markup. Finally, students can take the next step by  choosing a focus word to help further improve their pronunciation.

Law of express trust Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law of express trust - Case Study Example It may be either a person or a legal entity; iv) Beneficiary, i.e. the person for whose benefit the trust was created. v) Purpose of the trust, i.e. the trust must have a purpose, which is legally valid. Express Trusts are further broadly classified into i) Living Trust: It is also known as inter vivos trust is made for the advantage of another during the lifetime of settlor. ii) Testamentary trusts: These are created by the will of the settlor. That means, the settlor's property will be converted into trust property only after his death. iii) Revocable Trusts: It is a trust where the setlor has full control over the trust property, and he can change or annul the trust at any time. This is a trust, which is at the whims and fancy of the settlor. iv) Irrevocable Trusts: As the name implies, this is a trust, which cannot be revocable except the consent of the beneficiaries, and trustees. Moreover, the trust does not fizzle out once the purpose of the trust is fulfilled. v) Fixed Trusts: These are those trusts where the trust property will be shared by the beneficiaries as per the calendar fixed by the settlor. In distributing the property, the trustee has no discretion to play. Gartsi de v IRC [1968] AC 553 the Inland Revenue argued that as each beneficiary might be entitled to income from the trust fund, they should each be charged as if they were entitled to the whole of the fund. vi) Discretionary Trusts: They are those trusts where the trustee has absolute power in management, administration and distribution and allocating the shares of the trust property to beneficiaries. This trust offers many tax benefits to the beneficiaries, as no interest is created to them until the property is distributed. Rights of beneficiaries: Under a discretioanry trust, the rights of individual beneficiaries are not clear. In Re Smith [1928] Ch 915 it was held that the trustees had to draw up a "complete list" of beneficiaries, but this principle is changed in McPhail v Doulton [1971] A.C. 424, 451, in case of family trust. Court's Jurisdiction: Schmidt v Rosewood Trust Ltd [2003] UKPC 26, [2003] 3 All ER 76: In this case the court held that 1) The court has inherent jurisdiction to supervise and even intervene in the administration of a trust if necessary. And there is no exception even in discretionary trust. 2) This inherent jurisdiction is the fundamental of law of trust. 3) The right to seek the court's intervention did not depend on entitlement to a fixed and transmissible interest. 3) The court has the discretion to intervene to maintain the balance between the competing interest of beneficiaries, the trustees and the third parties. Gartside v IRC [1968] 1 All ER 121 at 134.Re Manisty's Settlement [1973] 2 All ER 1203 at 1211-1212, Mettoy Pension Trustees Ltd v Evans [1991] 2 All ER 513 at 549. Questions: 1. Transactions made by the trustees in the course of management of trust property: The trustees made the following three transactions: 1. Sale Vintage care for 15,000 during the last year to Crowther's son, 2. Payment of legal management fee of 25,000 to the solicitors firm in which the trustees are partners. 3. Decided to invest from existing deposits in to a) partly

Contracts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Contracts - Essay Example Minors or persons with unsound mind lack the capacity to contract. Upon acceptance of the offer, the offeree must provide a specific compensation for the promise fulfilled, often referred to as a consideration. Additionally, agreements only amount to contracts when formed with a legal purpose and with the intent to create a legal obligation between the parties involved. For this reason agreements between family members, with the exception of commercial agreements do not create a valid contracts. Certainty of the subject matter is another essential requirement of a valid contract since contracts cannot be based on ambiguity or unclear subject matter. Finally, agreements forming contracts must be mutual, coercion or undue influence invalidates a contract. The parole evidence rule holds that when the contracting parties agree to record their content of their agreement in writing, they often intend that whatever is written down to be the only reliable source of reference to the agreement, which supersedes any other terms and conditions agreed to during the bargain but not written. The basis of the parole evidence rule is that what is reflected in writing should be taken as a true representation of the terms of the contract. The parole evidence rule bars any parole evidence presented in addition to the written evidence. Assignment of rights in contract refers to a situation where the beneficiary to a contractual agreement willfully relinquishes all the rights to receive the aforesaid benefits to a third party, not initially considered in the contractual agreement. For example, if J agrees to sell his house to W for $3000, and then J transfers his right under the contract to pay the $ 3000 to X, X becomes the assignee and the legal beneficiary to the contract. This does not however, give X authority to execute the terms of the contract. In this case, J will only have delegated his duty to receive the consideration of $ 3000 to

Person essay Essay Example for Free

Person essay Essay The Most Important Person in my Life We all have someone that is really important to us, someone that has influenced us in our lifetime at some time or another and thanks to that person we are the person we are today. In my case that someone is my mother. My mother is really important to me because thanks to her I exist today, she gave me life .My mother is my best friend, my confident, she is the person that I trust the most in my life . I consider my mother as the most important person in my life because she has always been there for me, gave me all the things that I needed to keep going following my dreams. She is such of a good mother. I love my mother, even though we fight sometimes, I can’t live without her, she is my role model. My mother is a hardworking, supportive, friendly and caring person. My mother is a beautiful woman. She is the youngest of six siblings, she is forty years old. She has light brown skin and is about five feet six inches and 160 pounds. She has black short curly hair, which sometimes she straightens, but she usually keeps it curly. Her eyes are dark brown, like coffee. She has beautiful white teeth which shine when she smiles. On her face she has some freckles. Her eyebrows are black and she likes to shape them square .She also has her ear pierced. My mother wears jeans and blouses most of the time, she is very simple . On Sunday night you would see my mother sitting on the sofa watching T.V. When you first see my mother you will think that she is shy or isn’t a friendly person because of her character, but after you talk to her and know her well you will notice that she is a lovely person, funny, and nice person. On a Saturday morning you would see my mother getting ready to go the church, she usually wears long dress, or a long skirt with jacket, and she is very elegant. My mother is a hardworking woman. She has always worked in order to bring money to our house and to give my little brother and me a better life. She also work hard at home, she always makes sure that everything is okay in our house, she likes to have everything organized. I remember that when I was ten years old , my father moved to the United States in order to find a better way of life, leaving my mother , my brother and me in our country ,the Dominican Republic. After my father left home my mother had to do both roles, be the man and woman. She learned how to fix things at home, so she didn’t have to call someone else to do it. At  first when my father arrived here in the USA he didn’t have a job, so at that moment my mother was the only one that was working and bringing money to our house, but it wasn’t enough to support us. My mother was working in a company, but she didn’t receive a good pay, that’s why she decided to have two jobs. It wasn’t easy for my mother having two jobs, plus she had to do everything at home. I remember that she woke up every day early in the morning in order to prepare something to eat for my little brother and me, and then she had to get ready to work at her first job. After m y mother finished a job, she had to go to the other one, and then when she really ended up working she used to go home to help my brother and me with our homework. I don’t know how she was able to do so many things at the same time, but she did .She always tried to give us a good life. Nowadays, I see my mother, and I feel very proud of her. She taught me that nothing is easy in life that we have to work hard to get the things that we want. Sometimes I feel tired because I work and study at the same time , and sometimes I think that I can’t continue doing this and then I think about my mother, how hard she used to work and never gave up. She is my inspiration and role model. My mother is such a hardworking woman, this is one the qualities that I most admire about her. How nice it is having someone that supports you in every decision that you make in life. No matter what, every time that I need my mother’s support, she is always there for me. Most of the time when I have to make an important decision in my life, I talk to my mother before doing it. I remember that when I started working and studying at the same time, I felt like it was too much for me , because I was working and studying full time. At that moment I did not what to do because I really needed a job to help my mother to pay the bills , but I also wanted to continues my studies in order to have a better life. So one day I decided to talk to my mother about my situation. â€Å"Mommy I feel that working full and being a full time student is too much for me.† â€Å"So, what do you want to do?† She asked me. â€Å"I am thinking to leave my Job.† I replied. â€Å"Dawilsa whatever you think that is the best for you or you want to do, I support you.† She said. After I talked to my mother, I decided to just cut some hours in my job and work part time, so in that way  I would have more time to study, and do my homework on time. Thanks to my mother’s support I got good grades, and I felt most comfortable. I also remember that when I was about twelve years old my dream was to become a famous and professional dancer. So since I knew that my mother supports me in any decision that I make in life I talked to her about it. â€Å"Mom Do you know what is my biggest dream in life?† I asked her. â€Å"Yes, to become a famous dancer has always been your dream.† She replied. â€Å"Mom, Can I go to the dancer school that is in my school?† I insisted. â€Å"Sure, you can go to the dancer school anytime, that’s your dream and I support you. â€Å"She replied. After I talked to my mother I was jumping of happiness because she said yes. Few days later I started taking dance class. I felt so happy because one my dreams was starting to become true. I took one year of class on that dancer school , and then I had to leave it because I was too busy on school with my homework and did have enough time to go the dancer school .So since education comes first I decided to leave the dancer school. My mother is my support, she is like my right hand. My mother is very friendly. My mother has always been friendly with everybody, that’s why she knows a lot of people. It’s nice to be a friendly person because you have a lot of friends and you are also appreciated by other people. When I was a kid I didn’t like to go to the supermarket with my mother because she always found someone that she knew and then stop to talk with that person for a while. Even though I don’t like when I am with my mother and she stops to talk to everybody, it is always good to meet people from everywhere. I remember that one day before coming here I needed a paper from high school in order to be able to register in college, so my mother and I went to the school’s office. When we went and told the secretary what we needed she told us that to get that paper done would take a while. I really needed it right away because I was coming to the USA the day after. After a few minutes talking with the secretary, the manager arrived and since my mother knew him he came and helped us with the paper. Thanks to my mother I learned to be a friendly person and everywhere that I go I know many people. Being friendly is one the qualities that I most like about my mother. It helps to know people. Caring is part of my mother’s personality. It’s like she was born with this quality. My mother always takes care of my  father, my little brother and me. She is always asking me how I am doing in school or in my job. I remember few years ago, I was in the hospital because I was really sick .I stayed at the hospital for a whole week. My mother took vacation from her job because she wanted to stay with me, taking care of me, and making sure that I had everything that need. At that moment my mother showed me that she really care about me and how important I was to her. My mother is always up to me when I need an advice .When I am sad I go to see her and she gives me a hug and good advices and makes me feel much better. When I am sick she gives me medicine and everything that I need to get better .My mother is such blessing in my life. She is always ready to pour out her unconditional caring love to me and those around her. Being hardworking, supportive, friendly and caring are only a few of the attributes that I have learned from my mother. She taught me how to get things in life ,to keep going, it doesn’t matter what happens and never to give up .But ,one the most important things she taught me is how to be a good person. I love my mother, and I am more than proud to say that she is my mother. She has been a huge influence in my life, I will never finish paying and thanking my mother for all the things that she has done for me. Mommy, you are my role model.

Media and Violence Essay -- Social Issues, Aggression

Introduction In this essay I will be analysing whether less visual violence within the media would mean less violence on the streets. Firstly, I will be questioning whether there is a connection between the viewing of media violence and actual acting upon it. To do this I will analyse the usefulness of the different methods used to approach such as complex issue. To illustrate this I will use examples of different media forms that seem to have been a catalyst for acts of violence. I will then attempt to come to a conclusion on whether less media violence could mean less acts of violence. Define Firstly, to begin to analyse the media effects of violence one must define the term violence. The fact that there are several different levels of violence means that it will be difficult to define (Gauntlett, 2001). For example using abusive language can been seen as an act of violent and aggression to some, but to others may not view it as actual violence as there has not been any form of physical contact. A researcher will also have to look at the context in which the act of violence is acted upon, for example a pillow fight and punching some are both forms of aggression, yet they are interpreted differently (Boyle, 2005). One way violence can be defined is an act when an individual intentionally uses aggressive behaviour physically or mentally to creates fear and harm upon others. The media usually displays most acts of violence using a variety of mediums and different forms. In the 21st century there has been a technology boom whereby new and more complexes forms of media have emerged. There has been an increase in immersion and interaction amongst mediums such as the video game, television and mobile phones. For example, by usin... ...luencing crime such as gross structural inequality, poverty, consumer culture and youth alienation (Gauntlett, 2001). To pin point the media as the root cause of streets crime prevents society from dealing with the real issue. To conclude, even if the media had stopped or limited crime being presented, crime would still exist in one form or another. The media is a powerful to for creating aware of crimes but can also cause irrational fear which could then lead to alienation of a particular group. It could then be questioned if the media should limit the amount of crime shown, however in this post modern era technology has become so advanced that visual crime will always be accessible. Therefore, it cannot be said that less crime in the media would mean less crime on the street as there is no rational link between the two and visual crime will always be present.

Disneyland in Hong Kong Essay

1. Explain a person’s attitude towards visiting Disneyland in Hong Kong in terms of the tri-component model. A tri-component attitude model consists of three major components as affect, cognition and conation. It is implying that Disneyland in Hong Kong has the unique attraction towards the customer. The first part of this model refers to cognition that is knowledge and perception that are acquired by a combination of the attitude object and related information from different sources. With reference to visiting Disneyland in Hong Kong it is a great place to visit and have a fun with the kids, where people are able to rest from common daily activities. The cognitive component towards Disneyland is what people experienced by visiting this place and what information they got from various sources (friends, ads). Affective component considers a person’s feelings and emotional response to an attitude object. It is mostly learnt during our daily live. This is the way as we fee l. We may love the place as Disneyland. It gives joy, happiness and join the family. It could have a good emotion or feeling about it. Conation, the final component concerns how the consumer will behave with regard to attitude object. People will go and visit Disneyland in Hong Kong and spend time with the family there. 2. Explain how the product manager of a breakfast cereal might change consumer attitudes toward the company’s brand by: a. changing beliefs about the brand, b. changing beliefs about competing brands, c. changing the relative evaluation of attitudes, d. adding an attribute. The product manager might change consumer attitudes towards the company’s brand by different ways. It could be done by emphasizing the attributes the brand . a) Product manager might change consumer attitude toward the brand by changing beliefs about the brand. It mostly appeals from advertisement, so production manager should try to make customers willing to buy this product by successful ad with a ‘catchy’ affect, having a bit of fear and humour could be helpful. The way in which company can change beliefs about brand is putting less emphasis on product strength in its advertising and more emphasis on others value which cereal has. b) Product manager can change consumer attitude toward the brand by using a broad statement (for  example that only cereal with vitamins and dried fruit or corn are helpful) and or claim. It will allow to set the brand higher than competitors. c) People change their attitudes, so companies should be aware of it. They should go forward with changing environmental. As the current life style attempts to look for healthy food, it could be good crossing over from the existing to the new ones with dried fruit and some corns. d) As a production manager I will add such attributes as vitamins to breakfast cereal, making the product healthier. By adding this new formula it will put the brand higher than the others as the tendency is to buy healthy products and will change the customers’ attitude toward the brand. 3. What sources influenced your attitudes about studying buyer behaviour before classes started? Has your initial attitude changed since the unit started? If so, how? Social media and discussion with my colleagues had influenced my attitudes about studying buyer behaviour before my classes started. I found out that it could be very interesting to get know how consumer behaves in reply to different ads, promotions or tricks used by the producers. My initial attitudes were positive and motivation were on the highest level and so far nothing has changed. I still believe that studying buyer behaviour is interesting and can bring much knowledge that people don’t recognize in daily life during the shopping. What’s more I have a feeling that I am more experienced and have better view and understanding on different aspects and finally I hope I can still learn more and take as much as possible of the classes. 4. Should the marketer of a popular computer graphics program prefer consumers to make internal or external attributions about the success that people have using the program? Explain your answer. The marketer objective is to get consumers to try the product and then to evaluate it, so in direct marketing programs to target small consumer niches, the marketer should attribute internal and external. But external should be more major, but internal is not less important though. To sell as many computer graphics program as possible , the marketer has to tell people how good their product is and change their attitude to make them think it is the best graphics program. The consumers should know what benefits they will get by buying it, because consumer benefit perception is more than anything else. In this case also consumer lifestyle can change attitudes, so as a result they might change it to be attractive for customers. Internal are also important to  still develop the brand and make t he program the best on the market. 5. Find an ad for a free service trial (e.g. carwash, free brake check or a free software trial). What attributions would consumers make about the advertiser? What self-attributions would a consumer make if he or she accepted the trial offer? This offer make consumer interested because no cost needed to trial. So as a result customer is attracted and can make a judgment if it is worth of buying or not. No obligation with complimentary 3 Day Chair Assessment Service with selected chair/s and complimentary phone support during the trial. It will allow to check the product. 6. Find examples of advertising that uses fear and humour and discuss why you think they are effective or not effective. The first advertisement showing how tires of Yokohama keep the road uses humour. In my opinion it is very useful because attracts more customers, so the audience is increased and it is more effective. Easier to remember. The other advertisement concerns Lazer company. Wearing the helmet protected head. It uses fear and again is very effective. It stress the negative consequences. The sight of a man, wholly in plaster is not nice. In this way the must of wearing helmet is achieved.

Event Planning

Vietnam National University The University of Social Sciences and Humanities The Faculty of Oriental Studies BUSINESS ENGLISH: PLANNING EVENT SUCCESSFULLY Teacher: Tr? n Cao B? i Ng? c, M. A Student: Nguy? n Th? Thien Thanh Student code: 0665339 Class: Australian Studies 06 Ho Chi Minh City November 27th, 2009 CONTENT I. Pre-planning5 1. Forming a team and assigning tasks5 2. Brainstorming6 3. Defining your event7 4. 4. Setting program goals and objectives8 II. Planning stage8 1. Summary8 2. Planning9 1. Draft budget9 2. Event activity list/Create a plan of action12 3. After the event24 3. Create event timeline24 III. Evaluation of event27 INTRODUCTION Chances are, at some point in your life you have organized or helped organize an event. Remember your birthday parties growing up? There must have been some planning involved, such as guest lists and food. Accordingly, most planned events, especially in the business world, require prior arrangements and preparations. Planning conferences and meetings has ecome a skilled profession these days. Conference and meeting planners, also known as event planners organize, coordinate and run conventions and meetings and make sure they function smoothly without any glitches. These events range from first-birthday parties to political fundraisers, anniversaries, fashion shows, product launches, conferences, graduations, and reunions, to name just a few! According to a recent report, it takes about 15 0 hours for a planner, working with her staff, to produce a major event from start to finish. You do the math. Millions of events multiplied by hundreds of hours spent planning equals many, many opportunities for those entering this field. Events help our organizations educate the public about environmental issues, give the public a chance to get involved in campaigns, raise money, and publicize our organizations and their campaigns and activities. Events do not just magically come together. For every conference, concert, dinner, or lecture, a dedicate group of people worked together to plan and execute the event. Planning an event means more than just deciding to have one and trying to pull it together by the seat of your pants. Planning involves taking necessary steps to accomplish a goal. When events are planned, hang-ups, which often destroy an event, can be dealt with much more easily or sometimes are avoided all together. For example, events are often ruined when weather turns foul or a speaker drops out. However, if the event was planned, an alternative location can be booked, and backup activities planned in the absence of a speaker. These following steps to successful event planning will provide you the event planner with all the various important tasks involved in event planning. The keys to successful event planning will make your event a successful one, no matter how big or small the event, the purpose of the event or whether it is personal, business, entertainment or otherwise. I. Pre-planning: Pre-event planning, as outlined in this section, will be among the most important steps you will take on your path to a successful event. You may have heard the phrase, ‘‘If you don’t know where you are going, any path will take you there. ’’ It’s true. Without knowing where you are going and why, you might as well set out on your journey and be content wherever you happen to arrive. You would not start a family vacation with this attitude, would you? Thus, key factor to a successful event is that it is well planned with plenty of time to make sure things are done as required and within time frames set down. Depending upon the type of event, look to plan the event at least 6-9 months before the actual date happens to allow for success. This also allows for any potential problems to be resolved in plenty of time. Once you cycle through your first year, pre-event planning for the following year begins the day after your event. In other words, what is best and most successful is to never go out of business— to have one event’s conclusion lead directly into the next event’s preplanning. This is the best way for organizations to continue to improve, reduce burnout of staff, and break the cycle of reinventing the wheel. In fact, the more you follow planning as a continuum from one event to the next, the easier it gets to achieve success. 1. Forming a team and assigning Tasks First, running an event alone can be very difficult, so it’s important to recruit others to help. Be sure the members of the organization are invested in sponsoring the event. They will be more likely to follow through and participate in all the planning details if they feel a sense of ownership for the event. Designate a chair person for the event to coordinate and supervise the entire process. Be sure that all of your team to fill out all the proper forms and obtain signatures. †¢ List the interests, abilities, and talents of the people in the group. For instances, who like to plan, who are skilled at handling logistics (such as organizing parking, purchasing supplies, and coordinating volunteers), and who can come up with original ideas for event- and cause-related publicity. Provide opportunities for everyone to brainstorm ideas for the group’s work †¢ Trim down the list you develop and set some priorities. Factor in how well the ideas match the interests, abilities, and talents from the initial list. †¢ Put it all on a calendar, and then take into account other commitments, like exams, holidays, or other â€Å"busy times†. †¢ Assign coordination roles, tasks, and do a â€Å"reality check† on timetables and workload. Many groups create an overly ambitious plan the first time. †¢ Check in regularly on the progress of your plans. 2. Brainstorming You would be surprised on how many great ideas your group can get from a ten-minute brainstorm! Here’s how to do it: It is really important to create a basic planning framework at the start. It is surprising how often people get carried away by a big idea and rush into planning it, without thinking through who the message is aimed at, what kind of effect it will have on its audience or even what the objectives for it are. If you do not agree objectives early on, you will not be able to judge whether you are going to get the results you hope for. So, think through the answers to the following questions: The ‘5 Ws’ – why? who? what? where? when? – may seem blindingly obvious, but the answers will help keep your planning on course: WHY Why do we want to hold the event/action? What’s the nature of the opportunity? WHO Who will do it? Who are our potential allies? Who are our partners? Who is our target? Who do we want to influence? Who is our audience? Who will participate? Who is going to do all the work? WHAT What kind of event do we want to run? Outdoor? Indoor? Site-based? Is it business related, purely social, or somewhere in between: (Celebrations (fairs, parades, weddings, reunions, birthdays, anniversaries, first communions) (Education (conferences, conventions, meetings, graduations) (Promotions (product launches, political rallies, fashion shows, conventions) (Commemorations (memorials, civic events) WHERE Where do we want to do it? Venue? Site? Is the place available? Consider seating, parking, accessibility for people with disabilities, transportation, and any permit that may be required. WHEN When do we want to do it? Is it time critical? Is there an external agenda driving this? Is it weather-dependent? Will any other events conflict with your date? Finally there is one other vital question, and that is HOW How much is the event going to cost and where will the money come from? How long will your event last? Once you have concrete answers to the questions listed above, you are ready to move on to develop the program’s goals and objectives. 4. Setting program goals and objectives: One of the importance to pre-planning is setting objectives or goals. In order to do this, keep in mind these things. 1. Summary When planning an event need to consider a checklist of primary factors. They are: (Datewhen the event will be held. ? Locationwhat city or town it will be held in. ? Venuewhere will the project/event be held e. g. hotel, motel, conference centre. ? Budgetdraft budget – including expected income and expenditure. ? Speakerswho is going to speak/run the event. ? Inviteeswho are you targeting to attend the event. ? Sponsorscan you obtain sponsors for the event and who are they. ? Timelineproject plan timeline for the event including responsibilities for each item. Materialswhat information is required to give to attendees. ? Collationcollation of all material required for the event. ? Advertisinghow going to advert the event? And in what forms e. g. radio, newspaper, or email. ? Mediainvite media to attend event (if appropriate) or advertising of the event. 2. Planning At the initial meeting, need to set up a number of objectives and form a timeline for the project or even t. Important to plan the event with plenty of time to allow for all aspects of the event to happen without too many problems. Keep everyone in the loop so as all aware of what is happening and what every person is dealing with – means no double ups and some accountability to make sure everything is done correctly and within the time frame set. The â€Å"dates† on the timeline do not have to be set in concrete, but need to be flexible enough to make sure everything is covered. You should hold a meeting every two weeks with the committee/organizing group, just to check that everything is happening as it should be and everyone understands at what stage of the timeline the event is at. Be sure that: †¢ Assign tasks and roles appropriately †¢ Determine who will actually be executing the event †¢ Instruct clear expectations as to who will be responsible for each role and how exactly will they fill the role †¢ Involve as many people as you can because people enjoy supporting something that they played a part in planning/organizing 2. 1. Draft budget: Budgeting for an event reflects on a number of costs and needs to be as detailed as possible; otherwise, you can end up spending more than you anticipated. Therefore, identify the sources and amounts of potential revenue and expenses, and revise for realistic and necessary true cost and revenue updates. If you are not able to have exact figures for some of this, estimate – you can always correct this once you have confirmed figures and can change this for the final budget. (Speakers In initial contact with these people, check availability for the dates you have decided on. Establish with them if there are any costs to payment fee, airfares, and accommodation. Are there any additional costs like incidentals e. . taxi’s, meals? Is anyone accompanying them? Do they need transport? A key point to also ask is what are their requirements for the event e. g. are they presenting the topics on Power Point, can they supply with copy, how much material do they need for the handout material or folders? Note that your section would usually buy the speaker a gift of thanks so this cost needs to be put into the budget. All of this inform ation needs to be established at the start to give you an indication of what sort of costs will be required. (Venue Most places can send you pricing by email – this is helpful in preliminary draft budget planning. Pricing will reflect cost of room’s available (for the event), style of seating, pricing for food and beverages, electronic/AV requirements e. g. data projector. They may offer discounts on room hire or accommodation. Check when you need to confirm. (Sponsorship Need to look at whether we can get sponsorship for the event? And if so, in what form will it be e. g. money (donation towards costs), full cost or half cost of the event, may wish to pay for speakers only etc. What requirements do they have for handout material, if any? Can they supply pens, pads etc. Need to discuss this right at the beginning of planning the event and make sure decision is clear and in writing to all parties. Need to address and find out what they want out of the event and this in turn will affect the budgeting of both expenditure and income. (Event Materials Need to determine what is going to be given to the attendees. Need to follow your organization standard folder presentation. Need to design cover for each event and need to allow enough time for printing of covers and contents etc. Need sponsors logos (electronically). An agenda, contents page, list of attendees (if relevant) to event, evaluation form all need to be decided upon, the format designed and then allow time for printing plus collation of the material once printed. Need to allow time for couriering of information to venue (if necessary). All costs for this need to be examined and put into budget (Advertising and Media Here need to address who targeting to attend the event, how they will be invited e. g. invitation in mail, electronically. Some form of registration system to be put in place – ideally with one person only (so as not to duplicate any work and to have control over invoicing registrants etc). How much do we charge for registration fee Need to look at all costs (estimates) to ensure we have a successful registration fee. Do we need to involve the Media? – if so do they come to the event, can they assist in promoting the event before? Need to ask these kinds of questions and again look at relevant costs. (Note: a) Finance the event before it happens. Know where the money will be coming from. Never plan to finance an event from registration fees, ticket sales or gate receipts. b) A good way to finance an event is to create a fundraising arm of the production. *Note that the event itself and the fundraising effort should not be mixed. A good way to avoid any overlapping of the two is to assign a different planning team to the fundraising. These are two different responsibilities and they should b e planned separately. c) There are three types of fundraising effort to cover the cost. The first is a strategic alliance. Co-branding events not only provides more name recognition for your events, but it is also a way to help cover the expenses of the event. The second option to consider is sponsorship. This option allows you to generate money, but not share as much of the spotlight. The third option is charging for attendance. Depending on the type of event you hold this can be a positive or negative thing. EVENT BUDGET TEMPLATE Event: _____________________________ Date: ______________________________ |Expense |Estimated Cost |Actual Cost | |Facility Fee | | |Rentals (tables, dishes) | | | |Presenter/Entertainer Fee | | | |Audio/Visual Equipment | | | |Advertising/Promotion | | | |Printing | | | |Postage | | | |Food/Catering | | | |Decorations | | | |Transportation | | | |Security and Technicians | | | |Other ____________ | | | |Other ____________ | | | | | | | |Total Expenses: |_______________ |_______________ | Revenue |Estimated Revenue |Actual Revenue | |Ticket Sales | | | |Food Sales | | | |Vendo r Fees | | | |Event Sponsorship | | | |Donations | | |Other ____________ | | | |Other ____________ | | | | | | | |Total Revenue: |_______________ |_______________ | 2. 2. Event activity list/ Create a plan of action: The Events Activity List is good tool to use when organsing a function – as each point is raised and completed, it can be ticked off. This means nothing is forgotten and it is also a double check from the timeline document. Also if you are away for any reason, someone else can easily see at what stage you are up to with the event organization. ( Date: Set a date and check to make sure it doesn’t conflict with your target audiences industry dates, convention dates, holidays. Need to consider at least two dates so when planning the venue, you can work around any clashes that may occur. Have some dates in mind and contract the venues to see if they are available on those dates. ( Location When booking a venue, make sure it aligns with your objectives and goals. Look at your rough agenda and find out what the ideal space would be to accomplish the event's goals. ompany will incur for the event. Once you have outlined space needs for the event, brainstorm some perspective places for the event and make visits. Before you head over to visit a site, sketch a list of criteria and questions for the facility and its st aff. Visit several so you can make an effective comparison based on the event's needs and budget. Check list for facilities †¢ Is the venue centrally located? †¢ Does the venue provide plenty of parking? †¢ Is the venue located near public transportation? †¢ Will the venue support our food needs? †¢ Does the venue provide for adequate space? †¢ Will the venue support our technology needs ( Speakers and performances Before recruiting any speakers, decide what roles the speakers will play as well as how many speakers you will need in each role. Next, brainstorm a list of the people you would like to fill the roles you've defined. Next, start recruiting the speakers and performers. Start by making a packet with information about the event, your group, and a letter explaining why you want them to speak or perform at your event. Include a reply card and self-addressed, stamped envelope for your speaker prospects to return to you with their availability, contact information, title of their talk, audiovisual needs, how the speaker should be listed on the agenda, and housing, food, and travel needs. Send packets to all of the potential speakers on your brainstorm list. Once the packets have been out for about a week, make follow up calls. Follow up calls show your commitment to the event and make speakers feel more welcomed to the event. While on the phone, try to get a commitment and provide the speaker with all of the information they need to make a decision about attending the event. They need to supply you with their requirements for the event. What AV requirements do they have, are they bringing their presentation on disk or laptop? Do they need a data projector etc? What papers/material do they have for the folder(s)? Make them aware that we need this information at least a month and a half before the event, not the week before – not acceptable. If possible, make arrangements to accommodate the speaker's schedule and travel needs. In addition to your initial recruitment of speakers, you should also devise a backup plan for speakers. It's inevitable that one or more of your speakers will cancel closer to the event. If you are ready for cancellations, it will have little to no affect on the quality of your event. Go back to the list of speakers you brainstormed early in the planning. Make sure you have all necessary contact information and can reach each of them if you should need to. The back up plan will help your group plan ahead for possible pitfalls, making for smooth sailing no matter what curve ball is thrown your way. Contact speakers one week before the event and confirm their attendance, how they wish to be listed, and when and where they are speaking. Once a speaker arrives at the event, give her a name tag, remind her of when and where she is speaking, and make sure her needs have been met. Have a volunteer take the speakers to the space they will be using and make sure there is always someone available to introduce your speakers and performers to the audience. Finally, offer tokens of thanks and appreciation to the speakers and performers. Also we usually purchase a gift for overseas speakers – something based e. g. wood, stone etc ( Catering Depending on the facilities, you have several options for serving food. Initially you will need to consider what kind of food you will serve. Get quotes from different venues – look at cost and what they are offering. Is the food what you want? Can you change any menu supplied? Need to look at these sorts of things. No matter how you choose to feed the crowd, keep in mind dietary restrictions such as diabetics and restrictions on salt. Once decided on venue, look through menus and decide what you want to use for the event. Before you move on have an idea of the number of meals or snacks being served at the event and how many people you will need to feed. Closely estimate food amounts through a careful head count to minimize waste. Same with beverages as well. ( Equipment needs For every event you'll need to plan for equipment needs, which can include everything from tables and chairs to audio visual equipment to written materials. Take a look at your rough agenda and the list of requests from speakers and performers. Then, make a list of all of the equipment you will need for the event. Also, sketch out the layout for the event. Now, use the checklist below to prepare the equipment for the event. Make sure you leave room in your timeline and budget for acquiring the equipment you need. Some venues allow you to bring in your own equipment or equipment that you have hired specifically for the event as well. Checklist of Possible Equipment Needs: ? overhead projector ? VCR/TV ? microphones flip charts with markers ? dry erase/chalk boards with markers or chalk ? cups and fresh water ? podium ? megaphone Have to decide who you are targeting for the event. Then decide what kind of invitation you want i. e. printed invitation, electronic email flyer, booklet etc . All of these will have different costs associated and all costs need to be budgeted for. Also a time frame for getting anything printed – allow 2-3 weeks 2 months before, so will be able to send out the printed invitations 4-5 weeks ahead of the event and arrange to have follow up calls i. e. someone to ring every single person who has not replied about their attendance to the event. It is time consuming but done properly usually can increase numbers significantly as not everyone replies to invites, often they just arrive. This doesn’t help your section with catering, handout materials or seating for the event or budgeting so it’s important to follow up. Suggest once you have an invitation list (either printed or electronic) supply list to Administrator so they can confirm attendance/non attendance of invitees. ( Publicity This is promotions or basically letting people know about the event. *Remember part of a successful event is to actually have patrons. Without satisfactory support your event cannot be counted a success. This area requires much attention and effort. It may also be a long- term process. Remember that the advertising should be geared towards the participants you want to target. This is things you will need to take to the event such as handouts, paper, markers and white board, name tag etc. (Name badges (usually Administrator) need t o be made 1-1/2 weeks before the event. Be sure to consist of persons name and organization (do not put titles etc). Include badges for speakers as well. paper, stapler, scissors, paper clips, drawing pins and anything else that people may ask for or that you can use so as not having to ask the venue as sometimes they don’t have them. Gifts for speakers/guests especially overseas guests are necessary. Decide on awards items and identify sources to purchase them. Add cost into the budget for this. Needs to be gift wrapped and have a thank you card attached. ( Photographer If you need one for the event, book them well ahead of the event, as they are hard to get, would suggest 3-4 months before and again ring 2-3 people and get quotes. Once booked put all contact details on sheet for ease of access by anyone else who may have to contact them. Make sure they understand what your company wants from the photos. ( Logistics & Contingency Plans Good logistics planning ensures your event will run smoothly. Prior to the event you need to send out communications to event staff. Staffing to schedule: Receptionist – Make sure they are prepped with a cheat sheet if people call. Technical Staff – Make sure they are standing by and know you need the servers to be free of any large processing. Runners – Get a few people to help as needed. Train Runner and Receptionist and create information cards. Q&A Managers – Have someone assigned to handle the Q&A and chat. Plants or audience seeds – Have someone dialed in and armed with a few questions to get the Q&A rolling if necessary. Reserve the following: Technology – Phone lines and Web technology for all calls (test yourself before sending out. and make arrangements for the archive recording. Rooms – Made available for presenters and support team for all calls. Equipment – Laptops, servers, phones, back-up equipment, etc. for all calls. Contingency Plans: Backup Equipment – Modem and remote. Communication Line – Have a direct line with the operator at all times. Send your team and speakers an e-mail with everyone’s contact information in case there is a problem. ( Emergency Services (such as ambulance service, secured money transfers and handling through a reputable security company). These need to be on the scene or on call during the event *Very important The little things make a big difference: Always do â€Å"one more check† to validate the logins and phone numbers. Have water near each speaker. Have notepads and paper available. Print hard copies of all the presentations – One copy for you and one for each speaker. Test backup equipment. Create and post â€Å"quiet signs. † REMEMBER – Over-communicating is better than under-communicating! Constantly send reminder notes during the event process and planning stages. ( Running Sheet This is a breakdown of the event on the day, broken into 10-15 minute intervals (see example). All staff and speakers/guests will get one of these so as they know exactly what is happening on the day and who is speaking and for how long. There is protocol to follow when scheduling speakers as well. Here’s a sample checklist for an event that will help you work out what needs to be done and make everyone’s jobs easy to follow. Date (function date) | | |Start time | | |Finish time | | |Location address | | |Location phone number | | VIP’s | |Name |Position |Organization |Phone number | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Special Men tions | |Name |Position |Organization |Phone number | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Key Contacts | |Name |Position |Organization |Phone number | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | RUNNING SHEET | |Item |Action |Responsibility |Budget |Deadline |Completed | | |Required | | | | | |SIGNAGE | | | | | | |Production | | | | | | |Quantity | | | | | | |Delivery | | | | | | |Placement | | | | | | |Removal | | | | | | |Storage | | | | | | |Other | | | | | | | | | | | | |SECURITY | | | | | | |Venue | | | | | | |Hospitality | | | | | | |Cash | | | | | | |Other | | | | | | | | | | | | | |TICKETING | | | | | | |Branding | | | | | | |Quantity | | | | | | |Staff | | | | | | |Outlets | | | | | | |Other | | | | | | 2. 3. After the Event The final stage of the event entails cleaning up and thanking everyone who helped make the event happen. Organize a clean-up crew to make sure the facility is as clean. Do not forget to send thank you notes to speakers, performers, organizations, and volunteers who made the event a success. After all is said and done, get together with the members of your group and evaluate the event. Discuss what worked well and what should be changed for next year. Do not forget to look at whether or not the event accomplished its goals. Finally, celebrate your accomplishment and reflect on a job well done. 2. Create event timeline: (One year: Set date and site for your event Develop goals and objectives for the event Develop the theme for event Draft version of revenue & expense budget. If this is a fundraising event, contact the Office of College Development, Marketing & PR. (Six Months: Negotiate facilities, services, and contracts Prepare Event time table Construct a realistic budget for event. Building revenue sources is very important. Set event pricing. Leadership structure of event identified Specify staff responsibilities Create a plan for use of volunteers: how many needed & outline of duties Establish publicity plan in conjunction with Office of College Development, Marketing & PR Prepare press releases Design draft of invitation package & related materials Prepare guest lists Draft program and script Negotiate for special speakers Get lists of A-V equipment needed by all participants Negotiate with site and catering managers Solicit or purchase giveaways and/or souvenirs (Three Months: Clarify details and instructions for menus, receptions Arrange site layout, sound & decorating Complete in-kind solicitations Prepare checklist for items & people you need at event Arrange for a photographer Arrange for recording/taping Finalize design for invitation, program & materials (Two Months: Event invitations mailed Monitor invitation response Fine tune event schedule Fine tune event program timeline (One Month: Make or order final visuals Order necessary signage Alert press if coverage is desired Make detailed arrangement charts Arrange for last minute reproduction of papers, handouts, if needed Confirm all agreements in writing with speakers, suppliers, etc. (Two Weeks: Assemble checklist & materials for event Prepare releases for invited media Arrange for any VIP transportation, such as out-of-town invited speaker pickup at airport Reconfirm all arrangements with suppliers (food, shipping, audio-visual, etc) Set seating charts if needed Schedule any rehearsals needed (One Week: Prepare name badges Order any VIP amenities (Two days: Go over your checklist Review plans with Leadership Check on arrival of all shipped materials and equipment Secure storage of materials and equipment Check handout materials Reconfirm photographer (One Day: Check weather report for possible effect on event Review plans with electrician and other facilities staff Arrange to meet speakers and special guests Distribute duplicate event setup plans to staff Final briefings to staff on responsibilities Finalize meal guarantee if necessary with caterer Dress rehearsal (Two hours: Check room/venue setup Check micros and PA equipment Check A/V equipment Arrange handout materials for use Check for necessary personnel Check for signage in place (One Hour: Introduce invited speakers to other participants Check on place cards, if appropriate Check on recording/taping operator Check lectern light and stage props Give program participants any last minute instructions (After the event: Pay all invoices Write thank you notes and send gifts Complete your expenditures and match to budget After the event, it is crucial for the group to evaluate your efforts. The evaluation process should consist of the following: (Audience feedback Make sure that you conduct an honest evaluation of the event for a greater chance of future success. Brainstorm a list of the things that worked and made the conference a success and a list of the things you would change the next time the group organizes a conference. Ask questions such as: (Did you feel the event’s goals and objectives were accomplished? (What area(s) did you think went well? (What area(s) did you think could have used improvements? (Which vendors should be used again? (Which vendors should not be used again? (What items/services were missing? (Was the event well attended? (Was informal and formal feedback about the event positive? You can distribute the evaluation by mail, email or having it available on your organization’s website/event website. Keep evaluations on file for future reference and record in a place where future members of the group will be able to learn from your efforts. It is important to remember to celebrate your success and to thank everyone who contributed to the success of the event! CONCLUSION In many ways, event planning is linked to advertising and marketing. The planner needs to imagine the event is a product or brand, and then develop and promote it in a creative way. Ultimately, what’s important is that the attendees (the consumers) have a positive experience that leaves them feeling good about the organizers. The same applies whether the organizer is a business, charity or family. You need to be a well organized worker who is skilled in co-ordination, particularly with regard to logistics. Your presentation and communication skills should be excellent, and you should be able to motivate other people. Knowledge of marketing and press relations is invaluable, along with a creative approach to solving problems and ‘making things happen’. Above all, you must be a hard worker, who is prepared to put in extra hours to ensure that the job gets done within budget and on time. This work requires perfection, so you must be willing to pay attention to every detail. Not every event will fit perfectly into the following schedule and you’ll have to use your best judgement on handling last minute mishaps that may happen despite superb co-ordination and arrangements. â€Å"Event Planning† has become more of a necessity nowadays. It has become a fundamental part of the society, to help us to run smoothly the events, with everything professionally organized. No doubt, time is money nowadays and managing events at such short notices becomes even more impossible. Especially when behind every function success is to be certain. That’s why, we Event Planners are here for. Making every occasion more unique, outstanding, lively and of course memorable that every attendees admire. As long as you have the desire, your rewarding is your clients’ satisfactory. REFERENCES Vietnamese 1. Nguy? n Van K? t, CD-Rom Tai li? u mon Nghi? p v? thu ky van phong 2. PGS. TS. D? ng Th? Thanh Phuong, ThS. Nguy? n Th? Ng? c An, Nghi? p v? thu ky giam d? c th? i d? i m? i, NXB Th? ng Ke. Websites 1. http://www. tuvannhansu. om/cong-nghe-cham-soc-khach-hang/cong-viec-thuong-ngay-cua-dich-vu-khach-hang/102 2. http://www. tuvannhansu. com/cong-nghe-cham-soc-khach-hang/cong-viec-thuong-ngay-cua-dich-vu-khach-hang/97 3. http://www. snc. edu/planning/program. html 4. http://docs. google. com/viewer? a=v&q=cache:5KR8QIMiwbQJ:www. feministcampus. org/fmla/pro gram-materials/pdf/6 EventPlanning%2520thru%2520Public%2520Speaking. pdf+planning+event+successfully&hl=vi&gl=vn&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgeL87csTsCUPENPIDFJaZDY8wSPoKRETYYrbx3EehSnzVVWY419IrG PCtBXBdHIF_24Da9BhjQHoH99ZN4gM_BGpwlPXIuRynGW0PFrXAxW7-oF7A95hm0BHL120w0CliGmvEj&sig=AHIEtbT9Fp8dgvD44PJCZqPLmt4Zz0Mncg 5. http://www. girlmeetsbusiness. com/plan-event

Potential And Impact Of Eco Tourism Tourism Essay Essays

Potential And Impact Of Eco Tourism Tourism Essay Essays Potential And Impact Of Eco Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Potential And Impact Of Eco Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Tourism is a taking and the individual largest industry in the universe today. Harmonizing to the World Tourism Organization, the touristry industry histories for 11 % of entire planetary employment. It is said that every 12 tourists create a new occupation. Tourism has a different set of principles- touristry distinctive features, sustainability and community engagement to other industries such as agribusiness that underpins traditional primary production and trade ( Shen, Hughey A ; Simmons, 2008 ) . It is frequently argued that touristry can be a major accelerator for economic and societal development in such a manner that can ( a ) generate occupations ; ( B ) provide hard-currency for foreign exchange ( Armstrong and francis,1994 ) ; ( degree Celsius ) generate revenue enhancements and other indirect gross for authorities ; ( vitamin D ) stimulate activities in the agribusiness, industry and commercial sector of the economic system that come into contact, straight and indirectl y with the touristry industry ( Alleyne, Brown,1974 ) ; ( vitamin E ) substructure betterments and instruction diverseness. In malice of the above positive impacts, touristry besides has some negative impacts, such as, ecological depletion, cultural and societal pollution, economic exclusion and gross volatility ensuing from the development of touristry. So, sustainable touristry depends on sustainable ecology of a set of environment of a state or a part. In the Bruntland Report, Mc Minn ( 1997 ) suggested that the term sustainable touristry merely limits the significance to those peculiar elements associated with touristry. The importance of the links between touristry and other activities leads to the decision that touristry should be seen as a tool for development and non stop in itself ( Mc Cool and Moisey, 2001 ) . Tourism is improbable to be the exclusive user of resources and that a balance should be sought out between touristry and other bing and possible activities. It is suggested that a sustainable support ( SL ) attack ( scones, 1998 ) may offer a practical manner frontward. Sustainable support processs normally involve an appraisal of community activities, assets, capablenesss, adaptative schemes and engineerings, all of which contribute to their support systems ( IISD, 1999 ) . Communities decide to integrate touristry as one of their support in order to accomplish sustainable development that will besides be a signifier of support variegation. Such variegation can hold many advantages and touristry can go, ( 1 ) a agency to enable accretion for ingestion and investing ; ( 2 ) a agency to assist distribute hazard ; ( 3 ) an adaptative response to long term, and ( 4 ) a means to take force per unit area off delicate lands and increase family incomes for purchase of extra nutrient or payment of school fees ( Hussein and Nelson, 1998 ) . It is peculiarly of import that touristry complements instead than replaces bing support beginnings taking to variegation of support schemes. Sustainable touristry is a by-product of ecotourism ( Weight, 2002 ) . In the 1990s, ecotourism came on the scene to go one of the largest and fastest turning industries in the universe ( Orams, 1996 ) . Ecotourism is described as a signifier of natural resources based touristry focused on sing and larning about nature, which is low-impact, non-consumptive and locally oriented with regard to command, benefits and graduated table ( Fennell, 1999 ) . Orams ( 1995 ) provides three additive graduated tables along which ecotourism can be positioned. The first of these graduated tables represents the grade of human duty from low at one terminal to high at the other. The 2nd and 3rd graduated tables represent the impact of ecotourism on the eco-tourist and natural environment. Blamey ( 1997 ) assumes that ecotourism is nature-based and it is placed within four overlapping circles such as little groups/personalized, education/interpretation, sustainability in purpose, and sustainability in r esult. Ecotourism has besides been defined in relation to its philosophical, moral, or ethical place within the touristry industry ( Fennell, 2004 ) . Eco-tourists are seen as more likely to utilize locally owned adjustments and services and therefore to profit local economic sciences and more likely to back up Parkss and preservation organisations through user fees and voluntary contributions and therefore to back up preservation plans ( Carrier and Maclead, 2005 ) . To rush up the development of touristry industry, the Malayan Tourism Policy was formulated in 1992. The policy had identified ecotourism as one signifier of touristry to be expanded and sustained. Three old ages subsequently, national ecotourism program was formulated with more specific issues in 1995 that was accepted in 1996. The national ecotourism program was intended to supply a general model to help the authorities in developing the state s ecotourism potencies. In order to guarantee the success of the ecotourism programs, joint attempts between the assorted degrees of authorities, the private sector and the local communities were planned and carried out to maximise the economic, socio-cultural and environmental benefit it has to convey in ( Siti-Nabiha, 2006 ) . Although, the Ministry of Culture, Arts and Tourism ( MOCAT ) acts as a individual coordination organic structure to spearhead the overall execution of the National Eco-tourism program, the Ministry recognizes the imp erative function of the private sector and particulars functions for all sectors of Federal, State and Local Authority ( LA ) , private concern, NGOs and other participants ( APEC, 2002 ) . The Eastern Corridor Economic Region ( ECER ) involves three E seashore provinces of Malaysia, viz. Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang. It is formed to be focused on the socio-economic and industrial development of the part. The development of the eastern corridor, spearheaded by PETRONAS, together with the northern corridor spearheaded by Sime Darby Bhd and southern corridor ( Khazanah Nasional Bhd ) are portion of the Ninth Malaysia Plan ( 9MP ) , which has the aim of distributing economic development throughout the state. Harmonizing to Aseambankers Malaysia Bhd, the eastern corridor offers large potency for certain industries, particularly oil and gas ( O A ; G ) and touristry. The eastern corridor contributed RM30.8bil, or 12 % , of Malaysia s existent gross domestic merchandise in 2005 versus 15.6 % for Sabah and Sarawak, 20 % for the Northern Corridor provinces and 54.5 % for more developed provinces of Selangor, the Federal Territory, Penang and Johor. The chief bunchs or secto rs were identified as the engine of growing for the Terengganu province include touristry, oil, gas and petrochemical, fabrication, agribusiness and instruction. Agribusiness and touristry will be the chief undertaking for development in this province. Because there are immense piece of lands of land available here for cultivation. On the other manus, this province is full of natural beauty which may be the chief attractive force for ecotourism. Conceptual Model Therefore, advocators of sustainable development should non stress the care of touristry over an indefinite period of clip. Rather, their purposes would be better served by geographic expedition of how touristry might suit into a suite of support schemes, lending to the accomplishment of sustainable support results. The strength of the sustainable support attack is that it encourages the acceptance of a wide position from which to analyze the effects of touristry. Analysis of institutional/ Organizational influences on entree to livelihood resources and composing of support scheme portfolio Contexts, Conditions A ; Tendencies Livelihood Resources Institutional Processes A ; Organizational Structures Support Schemes Sustainable Livelihood Outcomes Contextual analysis of conditions and tendencies and appraisal of policy scene Analysis of livelihood resources: Combinations, sequences, rends Analysis of support scheme portfolios and tracts History Politicss Macro-economic conditions Trade clime Agro-ecology Demography Social distinction Natural capital Economic/ Fiscal Capital Human capital Social capital and others Institutions and Organizations Agricultural intensification- extensification Support Diversification ( Tourism ) Migration Support 1. Increased Numberss of working yearss 2. Poverty decrease 3. Well-being and capablenesss improved Sustainability 1. Livelihood version, exposure and resiliency enhanced 2. Natural resource base sustainability ensured Analysis of results and tradeoffs Policy Figure 1: Sustainable Rural Support: A Framework for Analysis ( Source: Scoones, 1998 ; page 4 ) . Second through touristry E N activities I H Tourism Domestic International Institutional Agreements Vertical National Governments Regional Governments Local GovernmentsHorizontal Governments Tourism Enterprise Local Community Nongovernmental organization Tourists Vulnerability context Tendencies Dazes Seasonality Institutions external market hazards Livelihood Outcomes Sustainable economic development sustainable societal developments sustainable environmental development sustainable institutional development Tourism Domestic International Figure 2: Sustainable Livelihood Framework for Tourism. Literature Review The survey has reviewed a huge literature from assorted beginnings such as diaries, studies, proceedings and related paperss on appraisals of impacts of ecotourism on livelihood security in assorted states. In Malaysia, there is a deficiency of survey on appraisal of possible and impacts of ecotourism finishs for livelihood security in a specific country. Etsuko Okazaki ( 2008 ) stated that community engagement in the touristry planning procedure is a manner of implementing sustainable touristry. He discussed the community engagement in the survey include the ladder of citizen engagement, power redistribution, coaction procedures, and societal capital creative activity form the footing for specifying a community-based touristry ( CBT ) theoretical account. He besides showed how this theoretical account can be used to measure engagement degrees in a survey site and suggested farther actions required. Steven Jackson ( 2008 ) studied the attitudes towards the environment in general and ecotourism in peculiar, which were assessed for several groups of stakeholders in the UK touristry sector. The New Environmental Paradigm ( NEP ) graduated table was used to mensurate general attitude while an ecotourism graduated table ( TES ) was used to mensurate specific attitudes. Significant correlativities were measured between the NEP and TES graduated tables proposing that general attitudes affect specific attitudes. The survey suggested that there is a reluctance to interpret good purposes into pattern. Kaltenborn et Al. ( 2008 ) discussed about rural touristry, particularly through second-home development, which is increasing quickly in much of Europe, the USA and Canada. The survey besides reveals that second-home development plan is offering new economic chances for local communities, but it is holding challenges related to environmental impact. The survey examines associations between the environmental attitudes of occupants and their attitudes toward second-home development. Make J. et Al. ( 2008 ) revealed that sustainability, environmental friendly, and eco-sounds are the footings that are widely used presents and emphasized really much in any industry inclusive of agribusiness, forestry and touristry industry. Agro-forestry and integrated agriculture system are the attacks that are beef uping in Bario for bring forthing nutrient, energy and besides increasing the aesthetic value of the country. The highest ranking of jobs faces by Bario community is transit ( 24 % ) that significantly influenced the high cost of life. The type of development preferred harmonizing to the highest ranking was related with preservation ( 60 % ) , followed by eco-tourism, agribusiness and research. The hereafter challenges faced by Bario community would be seeking to turn to the jobs and run intoing with the development demands of the shacking community in order to prolong their support and the upland ecosystem. Based on the resources and potencies, agro-eco-tourism can be the options for elating and prolonging the support in Bario. Dhan B. Gurung and Klaus Seeland ( 2008 ) analyzed the present province of touristry in Bhutan and see the chances for the development of ecotourism. Empirical studies of circuit operators and foreign tourers indicate that visitants interested in the natural beauty of the Himalayan land stay longer than those who come to see its civilization. By pulling younger tourers, ecotourism could lend to the ends of Gross National Happiness. The bulk of tourers and circuit operators are in favour of ecotourism activities that might profit local rural communities. The requirement for a significant publicity of ecotourism would be alterations in the Bhutanese touristry policy to promote the variegation of touristry merchandises. Ecotourism operations based on urban environments give assorted benefits and sustainability in Kenya. There are six schemes have followed when marketing ecotourism merchandises. These are wide distribution, partnership development, show bottom line, ownership, uses frien dly merchandises and pattern what you preach ( Roselyne N. Okech, 2009 ) . Carlos ( 2009 ) presents the construct of the firewalls of ecotourism wherein the debut of different protection and preservation constituents is instituted in the operation of ecotourism sites. He uses some environmental constructs coupled with societal, cultural, and economic considerations should be developed and practiced by establishments wishing to use ecotourism as a preservation tool. There is a consistent demand to develop and use constructs and patterns to assist protect the resources from the possible impacts of travel industry for sustainable resource use through ecotourism. Zhang Meng ( 2009 ) reflects on the current intensions of ecotourism in footings of four facets viz. , objects of ecotourism, ecotourists, nature of ecotourism every bit good as the relationship between ecotourism and communities. The survey reveals that ecotourism should travel beyond natural, pristine, or even merely crude natural countries to including cultural resources together with their natural context which besides deserve saving. Tourism operators, compared to tourers should shoulder more duties for preservation. Ecotourism should function as a rule to steer touristry enterprises towards sustainability and community engagement. Regina Scheyvens ( 1999 ) considers ways in which we understand how ecotourism ventures impact on the lives of people populating in and around. From a development position, ecotourism ventures should merely be considered successful if local communities have some step of control over them and if they portion equitably in the benefits emerging from ec otourism activities. The research has proposed an empowerment model as a suited mechanism for helping analysis of the societal, economic, psychological and political impacts of ecotourism on local communities. Abby Liu ( 2006 ) examined the adequateness of the planning attack and establishment types in developing rural touristry in Malaysia with a focal point on rural capacity to absorb touristry. It explores the policy background that encourages the growing of rural touristry and high spots issues and factors haltering the engagement of rural communities in touristry. Three illustrations, which are drawn from Kedah State, involve the probes of regional planning enterprises, remote resort constitutions and a home-stay plan. Positions of stakeholders, the planning bureaus, touristry industry and communities, refering their outlooks, development enterprises, and responses to turn to concerns of touristry, are examined. Consequences indicate that the current development sarcasm arises because of the deficient attending to local capacity edifice, reluctance to incorporate local colonies and a misplaced impression of professionalism. Insensitivity to provide for cultural and cultural difference s in the brushs of host and invitee besides impedes meaningful local engagement. Sheng-Hshiung Tsaur et Al. ( 2006 ) measure the sustainability of an ecotourism site utilised subjective steps to analyse the relationships between resource, community, and touristry. A Chinese autochthonal ecotourism site was taken as an illustration in the survey, and the Delphi technique was used to place rating indexs of this tourer finish. Local occupants, tourers, and resource disposal were interviewed to research each group s perceptual experience of relationships with the staying two groups. The consequences of the survey reflected the chief concern for ecotourism development is the negative impact on the environment and its debasement and devastation. The survey suggested that the chief concern is protecting occupants supports so as to keep an attractive life environment and assist the tourers to develop more consciousness in conserving and protecting resources. Problems Statement: Ecotourism now considered as a chief watercourse of touristry in many states. Because it has minimum negative environmental effects and pull the tourer extremely. Those states besides emphasize ecotourism for their economic development and the support security for the peoples. It is one of the of import tools for socioeconomic development in any state. Substantial alterations and betterments should take topographic point in touristry policies and activities at a diverseness of degrees and concrete facets: national, regional, design and coordination for schemes, fiscal support and bureaucratic installations and substructure development ( Alexandru, 2005 ) . A comprehensive policy and legislative bundle for ecotourism and resource usage should be formulated to guarantee that local people can portion in the benefits generated by these activities ( Jianqiong, 2008 ) . Ecotourism has been identified as a signifier of sustainable touristry expected to lend to both preservation and development. Unfortunately, due to inadequate environmental appraisals and audits, many ecotourism finishs tend to be both risky and suicidal. The chief concern for ecotourism development is the negative impact on the environment and its debasement and devastation. For community and occupants, the chief concern is protecting occupants supports so as to keep an attractive life environment ( Sheng-Hshiung, 2006 ) . The success of ecotourism depends on its impacts on the livelihood security of the local community. When the local occupants may back up ecotourism development, their purposes to move will depend on local environmental, societal and politico-economic conditions. That issues related to community authorization, relation between authorities and communities, and the kineticss among and between assorted community groups will necessitate to be addressed if positive community purpose to take part in ecotourism is to be encouraged ( Lai A ; Nepal, 2006 ) . Mohok Agreement for responsible ecotourism recommended assorted suggestion for developing ecotourism. Among these, a ) provide economic, societal, and cultural benefits for local communities and surrogate community engagements, where appropriate, B ) minimum impact on and presentation of local ( autochthonal ) civilization and locally appropriate graduated table and design for housing, Tourss and attractive forces are required to run int o ecotourism criterions ( Robin,2010 ) . Tourism has an of import function in exciting investings in new substructure, every bit good as in bring forthing authorities grosss through assorted revenue enhancements and fees. Tourism comprises a immense part of gross domestic production ( GDP ) in some little developing states such as the Maldives, Barbados, etc. makes clear the profound importance of touristry for economic development ( Halicioglu, 2004 ) . There is research spread to mensurate the touristry demand analysis for any touristry finish due to proper touristry development. From the above treatment it is clear that effectual policies and schemes are necessary for ecotourism development in Malaysia. The success of any touristry depends on the step of sustainability. Because, unsustainable touristry does non run into the demands of community every bit good as environmental coherence. There is research spread to mensurate the sustainability of touristry due to success ness. Again, ecotourism creates socioeconomic impacts on the livelihood security of the local communities. So, it is necessary to analyze the socioeconomic impacts of ecotourism on the support for finding the potency. Research Questions In visible radiation of job statement, the survey has set out some research inquiries which are as follows: How to measure the sustainability for ecotourism? What are the effects of ecotourism on the local community? How to mensurate the socio economic impacts of ecotourism on the support security? Hypothesiss Once all the informations have been analyzed utilizing assorted statistical and econometric techniques, this survey will come up with empirical consequences obtained from the testing of a considerable figure of specific hypotheses. However, the survey chiefly considers a few, but wide-ranging hypotheses which are mentioned below: Ecotourism helps by bettering incomes and economic potencies of little farms and rural communities, in Terengganu, Ecotourism Fosters respect for local civilizations and greater grasp of natural home grounds, and Eco touristry entreaties to ecologically and socially witting persons. Aims The overall aim of the survey is to measure and analyse the possible and impact of eco touristry for livelihood security in Terengganu province of Malaysia. In order to achieve the above, the following sub-objectives will be pursued: To measure the bing policies and schemes associating to ecotourism in Malaysia ; particularly in the province of Terengganu, To place the potency for ecotourism derived from analysis of community demands and sustainable touristry, To find the socioeconomic impacts of ecotourism on the livelihood security of the local communities, Significance of the survey Many developing states of the universe, today, have improved their economic system through the agencies of touristry. The relationship between touristry and economic development is a subject of involvement to policymakers, contrivers, and research workers everyplace whether or non touristry plays an of import function within the societal and economic cloth of society. So it is of import to understand the overall state of affairs of touristry industry and touristry policy in Malaysia. Ecotourism is loosely defined as travel that allows interaction with nature and local communities with minimum negative impact ( Carrier and Macleod, 2005 ; Palacio, 1997 ) . It aims to minimise environmental and cultural harm and maximise long-run economic growing for a state or a part. Tourism sellers use the term ecotourism as a trade name to label commercial circuit bundles that offer a wide scope of activities. Tourism is different than other productive sectors. This is particularly true for communi ty development in footings of the touristry sector being deployed as a support scheme. Neither the SL attack nor conventional touristry research theories can entirely steer touristry to accomplish sustainable development. Consequently, cognition about an integrating of SL and touristry is needed ( Shen, Hughey A ; Simmons, 2008 ) . Malaysia has immense chances to develop ecotourism, which will guarantee economic development including livelihood security of the rural communities. But unluckily merely few surveies are done on this issue. Therefore, this survey is an attempt to place the chance and potency of ecotourism in the Eastern Corridor Economic Region of Malaysia, particularly in Terengganu province. The findings and recommendations of the survey would assist the appropriate governments in formulating and implementing specific policies in order to raise chances for and develop the ecotourism in Malaysia. Methodology Beginnings of informations: The survey will utilize both primary and secondary informations which are expected to be collected from reliable beginnings. Two recreational woods and ecotourism place- Tasik Kenyir Lake of Terengganu will be chosen for observation and informations aggregation. For appraising and experimental intents, nevertheless, the survey will use some rational standards to find the figure and choose the ecotourism topographic points in the province. The secondary information every bit good as the necessary paperss, Acts of the Apostless, ordinance, and policies will be collected from the relevant sections and ministries of the authorities of Malaysia. Published stuffs such as relevant research studies, articles, books, one-year studies, and so on will besides be reviewed in order to roll up secondary informations and justify statements. Sample size, Data Collection, and Sampling techniques: While a broad coverage of information does ever supply more accurate consequences, but budgetary constrains may ensue in an unexpected alteration in the sample size. The present survey has intent to interview a lower limit of 300 respondents from the survey countries for the intent of informations aggregation. A purposive sampling technique and a set of structured questionnaire will be used to interview the most of import stakeholders of the eco touristry industry, such as local communities, relevant authorities/officials, and the visitants. In order to roll up primary informations, trained census takers will be hired for questioning the above groups of stakeholders, including local communities who are involved in and dependent on eco touristry activities for their support. Besides questioning a figure of tourers sing the eco touristry topographic points, a considerable figure of functionaries in the ecotourism industries will besides be interviewed in order to acquire relevant feedb ack from them. While the proposed sample is 300, the proportion and distribution of sample will be determined based on some standards reflecting the weight and importance of the inquiries asked and Scopess of the study. Datas analysis For obtaining ( 1 ) aim, The bing policies and schemes of ecotourism are analyzing exhaustively. To achieve this aim, the high functionaries and direction professionals are observed and discussed with them on assorted facets of touristry. For obtaining ( 2 ) aim, To mensurate sustainable touristry, you can see the affiliated article- Sustainable touristry. ( Developed equation ) To mensurate the community needs you can develop equation on the footing of some variables, such as, employment chance, local occupant engagements in determination devising, occupants perceptual experience to the touristry, alteration in the community, environmental effects ( positive A ; negative ) , community and rural development etc ( Developed equation ) An equation for willingness to pay ( WTP ) of tourers ; Probability ( WTP ) = This equation is must. Because it suggested by my Supervisor. You can see the affiliated article- WTP. For obtaining ( 3 ) aim, To mensurate the visitant satisfaction you can develop equation on the footing of some variables such as, reactivity, tangibles, monetary value, communicating, confidence, empathy, natural resources etc. You can see the affiliated article- Visitor Satisfaction. For economic impact, some variables are gross revenues, occupation, income degree, revenue enhancement gross, quality and measures of nutrient, family disbursement, cut down poorness, higher quality of life etc. For societal impact, some variables are civilization, spiritual, occupants feelings for the presence of tourers, demographic character, impact on the business of household member etc. For mensurating touristry selling scheme, TOT= degree Fahrenheit ( SP, SE, AC, E, CS, TR, TIA ) Where, TOT= Tourist, SP=Spots, SE=Security, AC= Accommodation, E= Entertainment, CS= Cost of Services, TR= Tour operator A ; usher, TIA= Tour information and Advertisement. You can see the article- Tourism Bangladesh. Expected Results Socioeconomic and livelihood profile of affected communities, Economic, societal and environmental impacts of ecotourism in Terengganu, Factors impacting possible growing and barriers to growing of ecotourism in Terengganu, Policy deductions and recommendations for sustainable ecotourism in the country.